Shear Wave Velocity Applications in Geomechanics with Focus on Risk Assessment in Carbon Capture and Storage Projects
本文综述了剪切波速度（Vs）在地质力学研究中的应用，特别关注了碳捕获与封存（CCS）项目中的风险评估。随着CCS项目的增多，Vs在监测CO2封存点的作用日益凸显。尽管已有研究评估了CCS引发的风险，但尚未有研究将这些调查结果进行整合。本研究旨在整合Vs在地球科学中的应用，并强调其在CCS风险评估中的重要性。研究发现主要的CCS引发的风险包括：诱发地震、盖层失效、地下水污染、断层再活化和储层变形。这些风险被全面描述，并且详细阐述了将Vs参数纳入风险分析的数学公式。研究得出结论，Vs的应用可以进一步扩展到监测CO2羽流迁移、优化CO2注入压力、防止浅层水污染和预测CCS诱发的地震事件。所有这些应用都需要基于孔隙弹性理论的完全耦合的水力-力学分析。因此，必须在CO2注入阶段前仔细确定各种因素，包括孔隙压力、地层应力、断层分布和孔隙弹性参数。本研究提出的数学公式对于确保地下碳封存的安全性和长期成功非常适用。
CMG软件的应用情况：
Badree 和 Alexander 利用CMG-GEM软件，开发了一个模型来模拟储层的响应。该模型结合了在总应力下孔隙压力增加时通过拉伸破坏开启导流裂缝，以及使用Barton–Bandis破坏准则模拟CO2沿断层的迁移。
作者单位：
波兰克拉科夫AGH大学钻探与地质工程系，钻探、石油和天然气学院。
Abstract:
Shear wave velocity (Vs) has significant applications in geoengineering investigations. With the ongoing rise in carbon capture and storage (CCS) initiatives, the role of Vs in monitoring the CO2 sequestration sites is escalating. Although many studies have been conducted to assess CCS-induced risks, no inclusive research has been conducted integrating those investigations. This study strives to collate and integrate the applications of Vs in geoscience with an emphasis on CCS risk assessment. Based on this research, major CCS-induced risks were detected: induced seismicity, caprock failure, groundwater contamination, fault reactivation, and reservoir deformation. These risks were inclusively described, and the mathematical formulations incorporating the Vs parameter in risk analysis were elaborated. It was concluded that Vs applications can be further extended in monitoring CO2 plume migration, optimizing CO2 injection pressures, preventing shallow water contamination, and predicting CCS-induced seismic events. All these applications require fully coupled hydromechanical analysis based on poroelasticity theory. Hence, various factors including pore pressure, in situ stresses, faults distribution, and poroelastic parameters must be carefully determined before the CO2 injection phase. The mathematical formulations presented in the present study are quite applicable for granting the safety and long-term success of subsurface carbon sequestration. Keywords: CCS; underground storage; risk assessment; seismic exploration; wave propagation; geomechanics; poroelasticity
