376. 枯竭油藏和咸水层氢气储存评估

Hydrogen Storage Assessment in Depleted Oil Reservoir and Saline Aquifer

本文探讨了氢气（H2）作为能源载体的吸引力，它可以轻松地移动、储存和输送能量。地下氢气储存（UHS）的现场验证技术对于氢经济的成功至关重要。储存氢气的选项包括人造洞穴、盐丘/洞穴、盐水层和枯竭的油气田，这些地方已经储存了大量的氢气多年。对于季节性储存氢气，多孔岩石关键要求包括：足够的容量、能够容纳H2、能够注入/采出大量H2的能力，以及可靠的盖层以防止泄漏。

作者仔细评估了一个商业非等温组分气体储层模拟器及其适用于盐水含水层和枯竭油气储层中氢气储存和抽采的适用性。成功地将气体状态方程模型与已发布的实验室H2密度和粘度数据作为压力和温度的函数进行了校准。还对实际矿场模型中的H2、天然气和CO2储存进行了比较。数值模拟模型展示了H2相比CO2和天然气有更大的侧向扩散，需要在氢气项目中进行特殊封存。还观察到，不能简单地将CO2和天然气储存的经验复制到H2上。

CMG软件的应用情况：

在这项研究中，使用了商业性组分模拟器CMG-GEM来进行模拟研究。该软件用于评估科罗拉多州一个枯竭的油田中天然气储存模型以及密西西比州克兰菲尔德地层中CO2储存模型，以确定它们作为氢气储存的假设候选地的可行性。模拟的主要目标是评估氢气的容量、工作体积和垫层气体体积。通过对储层流体性质的敏感性分析，研究了相对渗透率曲线、临界气体饱和度和储层温度对装载周期的影响。此外，还研究了储层属性对装载周期的影响，并尝试通过优化井位和操作限制来增强氢气储存的工作能力和封存能力。

Abstract

Hydrogen (H₂) is an attractive energy carrier to move, store, and deliver energy in a form that can be easily used. Field proven technology for underground hydrogen storage (UHS) is essential for a successful hydrogen economy. Options for this are manmade caverns, salt domes/caverns, saline aquifers, and depleted oil/gas fields, where large quantities of gaseous hydrogen have been stored in caverns for many years. The key requirements intrinsic of a porous rock formation for seasonal storage of hydrogen are: adequate capacity, ability to contain H₂, capability to inject/extract high volumes of H₂, and a reliable caprock to prevent leakage. We have carefully evaluated a commercial non-isothermal compositional gas reservoir simulator and its suitability for hydrogen storage and withdrawal from saline aquifers and depleted oil/gas reservoirs. We have successfully calibrated the gas equation of state model against published laboratory H₂ density and viscosity data as a function of pressure and temperature. Comparisons between the H₂, natural gas and CO₂ storage in real field models were also performed. Our numerical models demonstrated more lateral spread of the H₂ when compared to CO₂ and natural gas with a need for special containment in H₂ projects. It was also observed that the experience with CO₂ and natural gas storage cannot be simply replicated with H₂.

Keywords: 

underground hydrogen cyclic storage; saline aquifer; depleted oil reservoir; reservoir simulation; sensitivity analysis

作者单位：

德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校