A Comprehensive Investigation of Nanocomposite Polymer Flooding at Reservoir Conditions: New Insights into Enhanced Oil Recovery

近年来，聚合物与纳米颗粒组合在提高石油采收率（EOR）领域受到了广泛关注，因为它们展现出了极具潜力的实验成果。尽管如此，以往的研究多集中于硅酸盐纳米颗粒，而对氧化铝和氧化锆纳米颗粒的研究相对较少。本研究的目的是探究二氧化硅（SiO2）、氧化铝（Al2O3）和氧化锆（ZrO2）这三种纳米颗粒对聚丙烯酰胺（HPAM）性能的影响。为此，我们制备了三种纳米复合材料：HPAM-SiO2、HPAM-Al2O3 和 HPAM-ZrO2。通过流变学评估，我们检验了这些纳米复合材料及HPAM在模拟储层条件下的粘度变化。同时，我们还研究了油水界面的界面张力（IFT）和润湿性变化。此外，通过砂岩填砂实验，我们评估了这些材料提高石油采收率的能力。实验结果显示，在特定的温度范围内，纳米复合材料使聚合物的粘度分别提高了110%、45%和12%。在特定的盐度条件下，聚合物粘度的提高幅度分别为73%、48%和12%。这些纳米复合材料在降低界面张力和改变接触角方面也表现出显著的效果。填砂实验证实，采用HPAM、HPAM-SiO2、HPAM-Al2O3 和 HPAM-ZrO2 进行EOR，可以将原始油藏油量（OOIP）分别提高8.6%、17.4%、15.3% 和 13.6%。此外，通过数值模拟，我们很好地验证了填砂实验的结果。本研究的发现为EOR领域提供了新的洞见，并进一步证实了这种技术在油田应用中的潜力。

CMG软件应用情况：

本研究中使用了 CMG STARS 模拟器来模拟砂岩填砂注水实验，并验证了纳米复合聚合物在提高采收率方面的性能。CMG STARS 模拟器被用来模拟岩心尺度的纳米复合聚合物，并将模拟结果与砂岩填砂注水实验的结果进行了比较。此外，还使用数值模拟生成了油饱和度剖面图，以展示纳米复合聚合物驱的波及效率。

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Abstract

Recently, the polymer-nanoparticle combination has garnered significant interest in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) due to its promising experimental results. However, the previous research was mostly directed at silica, while alumina and zirconia nanoparticles have gotten the least consideration. Unlike previous works, this study aims to investigate the influence of three NPs: Silica (SiO2), Alumina (Al2O3), and Zirconia (ZrO2) on hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM). To this end, three nanocomposites were formulated: HPAM-SiO2, HPAM-Al2O3, and HPAM-ZrO2. Rheological evaluations were performed to examine the viscosity degradation of the three nanocomposites and HPAM under reservoir conditions. Furthermore, interfacial tension (IFT) at the oil–water interface and wettability studies were investigated. Moreover, sand-pack flooding was performed to examine the incremental oil recovery. The results revealed that the polymer viscosity was boosted by 110%, 45%, and 12% for HPAM-SiO2, HPAM-Al2O3, and HPAM-ZrO2 respectively under the investigation range of temperature. Moreover, the polymer viscosity was improved by 73%, 48%, and 12% for HPAM-SiO2, HPAM-Al2O3, and HPAM-ZrO2 respectively under the investigation range of salinity. Nanocomposites are also found to be a remarkable agent for reducing interfacial tension and changing the contact angle. The flooding experiments confirmed that the EOR by HPAM, HPAM-SiO2, HPAM-Al2O3, and HPAM-ZrO2, was 8.6%, 17.4%, 15.3%, and 13.6% of OOIP respectively. Moreover, the results of flooding experiments were well validated and matched by numerical simulation. Such findings of this work afford new insights into EOR and reinforce the promising outlook of such technique at the field scale.

作者单位：

  1. 埃及开罗南谷埃及石油控股公司（GANOPE）储层工程系
  2. 埃及苏伊士苏伊士大学石油与矿产工程系石油工程系

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