Numerical Simulation Study of Methane Gas Hydrates Production by Using Gas Injection

 

甲烷水合物是一种由气体和水组成的固态包合物,仅在高压低温条件下稳定存在。与传统天然气藏开发方式不同,水合物藏的开采需额外能量破坏其晶体结构。本文采用CO₂与CH₄交换法这一非常规技术,通过向甲烷水合物藏中注入CO₂或其与N₂的混合气体,实现甲烷的释放与CO₂的封存。研究利用CMG STARS储层模拟软件,对比了纯CO₂与CO₂-N₂混合气体在甲烷水合物交换过程中的效果。

模拟结果表明:

  • 混合气体(78% N₂ + 22% CO₂)的甲烷采收率高达76.7%,高于纯CO₂的61%;
  • 甲烷采收率随储层温度和渗透率的升高而增加;
  • CO₂-CH₄交换技术在实际油田中具有可行性,注氮碳混合气可显著提升天然气产量。

CMG软件应用情况

本研究采用CMG STARS(Computer Modelling Group 的热采与组分模拟器)进行数值模拟。模拟基于水合物试采项目的实际储层参数,建立了三维网格模型,考虑了水合物分解动力学、组分交换、能量守恒、渗透率变化等复杂物理过程。模型验证了CO₂与CH₄在水合物相中的交换行为,并评估了不同注入气体组合对甲烷释放效率的影响。

结论

  1. CO₂-CH₄交换法是一种有效的甲烷水合物开采方式,可在释放甲烷的同时封存CO₂,具备环境与能源双重效益。
  2. 注入CO₂-N₂混合气体比纯CO₂更具优势,可提升甲烷采收率(从61%提升至76.7%),并促进水合物分解。
  3. 提高储层温度和渗透率可显著提升甲烷产量,但需注意水合物分解的吸热效应会导致储层降温,进而抑制进一步分解。
  4. 储层孔隙度和水合物饱和度对产量影响复杂,需结合具体数值进行优化分析。
  5. 敏感性分析表明:水平渗透率、孔隙度、注入压力和井底压力是影响甲烷产量的关键因素,混合气体注入对各参数的响应更强。

作者单位

  • 中国石油辽河油田分公司

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Abstract

Methane gas hydrate is a solid inclusion compound composed of gas and water, which is stable under high pressure and low temperature. However, the required natural gas exploration method is different from the usual traditional gas reservoir development. The exchange of methane with carbon dioxide is a leading unconventional technology for the production of natural gas hydrate. The production process of methane gas hydrate is simulated by using CMG STAR reservoir simulation software. The ability of CH4 in hydrate exchanged by injected CO2 gas and CO2-N2 mixed gas is compared, and the exchange situation of CO2-CH4 is evaluated. The results show that carbon dioxide injected into the process of methane hydrate formation has the ability to seal carbon dioxide in the form of carbon dioxide hydrate while recovering methane. A mixture of 78% nitrogen and 22% carbon dioxide produces 76.7% methane, while methane using only carbon dioxide produces 61%. Methane recovery increases with the increase of reservoir temperature and permeability. CH4-CO2 exchange technology through gas injection into hydrate reservoirs is feasible in practical oilfields, and natural gas production can be increased by injecting a mixture of nitrogen and carbon dioxide.

 

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