{"id":62242,"date":"2023-12-05T06:00:01","date_gmt":"2023-12-04T22:00:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/?p=62242"},"modified":"2023-12-05T06:00:01","modified_gmt":"2023-12-04T22:00:01","slug":"338-%e7%be%8e%e5%9b%bd%e4%b8%9c%e5%8d%97%e9%83%a8%e5%8d%97%e4%b9%94%e6%b2%bb%e4%ba%9a%e8%a3%82%e8%b0%b7%e7%9b%86%e5%9c%b0%e4%ba%8c%e6%b0%a7%e5%8c%96%e7%a2%b3%e7%9f%bf%e5%8c%96%e5%8f%8a%e5%85%b6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/?p=62242","title":{"rendered":"338. \u7f8e\u56fd\u4e1c\u5357\u90e8\u5357\u4e54\u6cbb\u4e9a\u88c2\u8c37\u76c6\u5730\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u77ff\u5316\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u65ad\u5c42\u6e17\u6f0f\u7387\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u6a21\u62df"},"content":{"rendered":"

Simulation of carbon dioxide mineralization and its effect on fault leakage rates in the South Georgia rift basin, southeastern U.S<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
<\/h5>\n

\u5728\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e86CO2\u4e0e\u5730\u4e0b\u6750\u6599\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u5728\u539f\u5730\u4ee5\u53caCO2\u7fbd\u6d41\u5206\u5e03\u4e0e\u9020\u6210\u77ff\u5316\u7684\u5c01\u9694\u533a\u5185\u7684CO2\u6cc4\u6f0f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u5730\u4e0b\u5730\u9707\u6570\u636e\u548c\u4e95\u8bb0\u5f55\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u50a8\u5c42\u548c\u5c01\u9694\u533a\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u4e09\u7ef4\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e1c\u5357\u90e8\u7684\u5357\u4e54\u6cbb\u4e9a\u88c2\u8c37(SGR)\u76c6\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002\u4f7f\u7528CMG 2017\u5bf9CO2\u77ff\u5316\u5bf9\u65ad\u5c42\u6e17\u900f\u7387\u6700\u4f18\u503c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6a21\u62df\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5730\u5c42\u6c34\u548cCO2\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6d41\u4f53\u66ff\u4ee3\u3002<\/span>
\n\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u6a21\u62df\u4e86\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u4e0e\u9541\u94c1\u77ff\u7269\u8d28\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u78b3\u9178\u76d0\u5ca9\u77ff\u7269\u5f62\u6210\u5728\u65ad\u5c42\u4e2d\u3002\u521d\u6b65\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0cCO2\u8fc1\u79fb\u57280.1-1 mD\u7684\u65ad\u5c42\u6e17\u900f\u7387\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u77ff\u5316\u6709\u6548\u5730\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u5c01\u9694\u533a\u5185\u7684CO2\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

Abstract<\/span><\/h5>\n

Over the past few decades, measured levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide have substantially increased. One of the ways to limit the adverse impacts of increased carbon dioxide concentrations is to capture and store it inside Earth’s subsurface, a process known as CO2<\/sub>\u00a0sequestration. The success of this method is critically dependent on the ability to confine injected CO2<\/sub>\u00a0for up to thousands of years. Establishing effective maintenance of sealing systems of reservoirs is of importance to prevent CO2<\/sub>\u00a0leakage. In addition, understanding the nature and rate of potential CO2<\/sub>\u00a0leakage related to this injection process is essential to evaluating seal effectiveness and ultimately mitigating global warming.<\/span>
\nIn this study, we evaluated the impact of common chemical reactions between CO2<\/sub>\u00a0and subsurface materials in situ as well as the relationship between CO2<\/sub>\u00a0plume distribution and the CO2<\/sub>\u00a0leakage within the seal zone that cause mineralization. Using subsurface seismic data and well log information, a three-dimensional model consisting of a reservoir and seal zones was created and evaluated for the South Georgia Rift (SGR) basin in the southeastern U.S. The Computer Modeling Group (CMG, 2017), was used to model the effect of CO2<\/sub>\u00a0mineralization on the optimal values of fault permeability permeabilitydue to fluid substitution between the formation water and CO2<\/sub>. The model simulated the chemical reactions between carbon dioxide and mafic minerals to produce stable minerals of carbonate rock that form in the fault. Preliminary results show that CO2<\/sub>\u00a0migration can be controlled effectively for fault permeability values between 0.1-1 mD. Within this range, mineralization effectively reduced CO2<\/sub>\u00a0leakage within the seal zone.<\/span><\/p>\n

Keywords:\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n

Carbon dioxide sequestration; Fault; Leakage; Mineralization; Permeability; Plume migration; Porosity.<\/span>
\n<\/span>
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\n\"\u56fe\u5f62\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762,<\/span>
\n\"\u56fe\u7247\u5305\u542b<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a<\/span><\/h5>\n

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\n\u8003\u8651\u5230\u76f8\u5bf9\u77ed\u6682\u768420\u5e74\u5185\u6ce8\u5165\u7684\u6bcf\u5e741000\u4e07\u7acb\u65b9\u7c73CO2\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u65ad\u5c42\u6e17\u900f\u6027\u5bf9\u4e8e\u51cf\u5c11\u7fbd\u6d41\u7684\u5782\u76f4\u8fc1\u79fb\u548c\u6700\u5927\u5316\u4e0e\u77ff\u5316\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u6709\u6548\u3002<\/span>
\n\u5728\u65ad\u5c42\u6e17\u900f\u6027\u503c\u4e3a100\u548c1000 mD\u65f6\uff0c\u9ad8\u65ad\u5c42\u6e17\u900f\u6027\u503c\u652f\u6301CO2\u5411\u6a21\u578b\u9876\u90e8\u7684\u8fc1\u79fb\uff0c\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u5141\u8bb8\u77ff\u5316\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728100\u548c1000 mD\u7684\u65ad\u5c42\u6e17\u900f\u6027\u503c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u3002\u8f83\u9ad8\u65ad\u5c42\u6e17\u900f\u6027\u503c\u7684\u4f4e\u963b\u529b\u4e5f\u5141\u8bb8\u6eb6\u89e3\u6001\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u5728\u6a21\u62df\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u7a7f\u8fc7\u5bc6\u5c01\u5e26\u8fdb\u5165\u300210 mD\u7684\u6e17\u900f\u6027\u662f\u5141\u8bb8\u6210\u529f\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u6e17\u900f\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cCO2\u7fbd\u6d41\u7684\u8fc1\u79fb\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7a7f\u8fc7\u5bc6\u5c01\u5c42\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9bCO2\u7fbd\u6d41\u4f1a\u9003\u5230\u5927\u6c14\u4e2d\u3002<\/span>
\n\u5173\u952e\u65ad\u5c42\u6e17\u900f\u6027\u503c\uff080.1-1 mD\uff09\u8feb\u4f7f\u6eb6\u89e3\u6001CO2\u4fdd\u6301\u5728\u50a8\u5c42\u533a\uff08D-E\uff09\u5185\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u7fbd\u6d41\u5145\u8db3\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5728\u65ad\u5c42\u5e26\u5185\u5f62\u6210\u78b3\u9178\u76d0\u77ff\u7269\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u843d\u5728\u5173\u952e\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u6e17\u900f\u6027\u503c\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u5bc6\u5c01\u5c42\u5185\u6709\u6548\u7684\u77ff\u5316\u3002\u6eb6\u89e3\u6001CO2\u901a\u5e38\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6ce8\u5165\u533a\uff0c\u800c\u77ff\u5316\u5219\u901a\u5e38\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5bc6\u5c01\u5c42\u3002\u5bc6\u5c01\u5c42\u7684\u963b\u529b\u4f7fCO2\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5730\u88ab\u5305\u88f9\uff0c\u5e76\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u6eb6\u89e3\u6eb6\u89e3\u6001CO2\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/span>
\n\u65b9\u89e3\u77f3\u5728\u6ce8\u5165\u671f\u95f4\u6eb6\u89e3\u8fbe\u5230\u5e73\u8861\u70b9\uff0c\u5176\u6eb6\u89e3\u7387\u7b49\u4e8e\u6c89\u79ef\u901f\u7387\u3002\u5728\u8fbe\u5230\u5e73\u8861\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7fbd\u6d41\u671d\u5411\u5bc6\u5c01\u5c42\u8fc1\u79fb\uff0c\u8fd0\u8f7d\u7740\u6765\u81ea\u6ce8\u5165\u533a\u7684\u65b9\u89e3\u77f3\u548c\u9ad8\u5cad\u571f\u77ff\u7269\u5230\u8fbe\u6b63\u5e38\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u77ff\u7269\u7ebf\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9ad8\u5cad\u571f\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u6ce8\u5165\u533a\u77ff\u5316\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6a21\u62df\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5728\u6240\u6709\u533a\u57df\u5185\u90fd\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6210\u529f\u77ff\u5316\u7684\u9ad8\u5cad\u571f\u6570\u91cf\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5730\u5c42\u7684\u65ad\u5c42\u6e17\u900f\u6027\u3002<\/span>
\n\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f4e\u65ad\u5c42\u6e17\u900f\u6027\u5141\u8bb8\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u7684\u8fc1\u79fb\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fc1\u79fb\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u77ff\u5316\u88ab\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u5f53\u5728\u65ad\u5c42\u5e26\u4e2d\u751f\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u77ff\u7269\u8d28\uff08\u5982\u65b9\u89e3\u77f3\u548c\u9ad8\u5cad\u571f\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u4f4e\u65ad\u5c42\u6e17\u900f\u6027\u503c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6cc4\u6f0f\u663e\u8457\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cCO2\u7fbd\u6d41\u901a\u8fc7\u65ad\u5c42\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u88ab\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e3a\u5728\u5e26\u6709\u65ad\u5c42\u7684\u50a8\u5c42\u4e2d\u9694\u79bb\u6ce8\u5165\u7684CO2\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/span>
\n\u9274\u4e8e\u76ee\u524d\u8ba4\u4e3aCO2\u77ff\u5316\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u5b58\u50a8\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u7684\u6700\u5b89\u5168\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u6709\u5173\u8be5\u5b58\u50a8\u673a\u5236\u5728\u50a8\u5c42\u5185\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u5efa\u8bae\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u786e\u4fdd\u5730\u5c42\u4e2d\u7684\u5bc6\u5c01\u5e26\u6765\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7a33\u5b9a\u5b58\u50a8\u3002\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5730\u8d28\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u53d7\u5730\u58f3\u8fd0\u52a8\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u9700\u8981\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u5730\u8d28\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

8. Conclusions<\/span><\/h5>\n

Understanding the migration and chemical reactions associated with injected CO2 was key to determining the effect of mineralization on leakage in the SGR basin. Variations in fault permeability greatly impacted the interaction of carbonic acid with the surrounding rock and the resulting multi-phase CO2 distribution in the formation. When considering the relatively small amount of 10 million m3\/year CO2 injected over the short period of 20 years, the critical range of fault\u00a0<\/span>permeability was effective for both reducing the vertical migration of the plume and maximizing the time for chemical reactions associated with mineralization. High fault permeability values supported the migration of CO2 to the top of the model in a time period that was not long enough to allow for mineralization, especially at fault permeability values of 100\u00a0<\/span>and 1000 mD. The low resistance of higher fault permeability values also allowed aqueous phase CO2 to penetrate seal zones at the beginning of the simulation.<\/span>
\nA permeability of 10 mD was the maximum value that would allow for a successful storage system. This is because in a scenario with a greater permeability, the migration of the CO2 plume could penetrate the seal and some of the CO2 plume would escape into the atmosphere. The critical values of fault permeability (0.1\u20131 mD) forced CO2 in the aqueous phase to remain within the reservoir zone (D-E) and allow ample time for the plume to form the carbonate minerals within the fault zone. Due to this, permeability values that fell within the critical range corresponded to effective mineralization occurring within the seal. CO2 in the aqueous phase was located generally in the injection zone, while mineralization <\/span>typically occurred in the seal zone. The resistance of the seal zones contained CO2 as long as possible and enhanced the dissolution of aqueous CO2.<\/span>
\nCalcite dissolved at the beginning of the injection period then arrived at the equilibrium point where its dissolution rate was equal to the rate of deposition. Before equilibrium was reached, the plume migrated towards the seal, carrying calcite and kaolinite from the injection zone to the fault zone. During this process, kaolinite began to mineralize in the injection\u00a0<\/span>zone at the time of injection and continued to do so until the end of the simulation throughout all of the zones. The amount of kaolinite that mineralized during this process was dependent on fault permeability in the formation.<\/span>
\nThis study suggests that low fault permeabilities allowed for CO2 migration in cases where no chemical reactions occurred, and that this migration could be contained by mineralization. This was evidenced by the observation that leakage associated with low fault permeability values decreased significantly when new minerals such as calcite and\u00a0<\/span>kaolinite were generated in the fault zone. Consequently, the opportunity for the CO2 plume to migrate through the fault was reduced which provided an opportunity to sequester injected CO2 in a reservoir with faults.<\/span>
\nGiven that CO2 mineralization is currently considered the safest way to store CO2, this research provides more context for this safe storage mechanism within the reservoir but also suggests how to further stabilize storage through securing seal zones within a formation. The methods described in this study could be used for a variety of complex geological settings, particularly those impacted by tectonic activity, for which CO2 storage is desired.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Simulation of carbon dioxide mineralization and itContinue Reading<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[159],"tags":[251,451],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62242"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=62242"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62242\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=62242"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=62242"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=62242"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}