{"id":60744,"date":"2023-06-02T05:00:31","date_gmt":"2023-06-01T21:00:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/?p=60744"},"modified":"2023-06-02T05:00:31","modified_gmt":"2023-06-01T21:00:31","slug":"300-%e4%bd%8e%e7%9f%bf%e5%8c%96%e5%ba%a6%e6%b0%b4%e9%a9%b1%e6%b6%a6%e6%b9%bf%e6%80%a7%e5%8f%98%e5%8c%96%e7%9a%84%e7%9f%bf%e5%9c%ba%e6%a8%a1%e6%8b%9f%e7%a0%94%e7%a9%b6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/?p=60744","title":{"rendered":"300. \u4f4e\u77ff\u5316\u5ea6\u6c34\u9a71\u6da6\u6e7f\u6027\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u77ff\u573a\u6a21\u62df\u7814\u7a76\uff08\u632a\u5a01\u79d1\u6280\u5927\u5b66\u7855\u58eb\u8bba\u6587\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u4f4e\u77ff\u5316\u5ea6\u6c34\u9a71\uff08LSWF\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u53d8\u6ce8\u5165\u6c34\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u7ec4\u6210\u548c\u77ff\u5316\u5ea6\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u91c7\u6536\u7387\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8be5\u6280\u672f\u5316\u5b66\u6210\u672c\u4f4e\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6EOR\u65b9\u6cd5\u76f8\u6bd4\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u73af\u5883\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u3002\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e2d\u8bd5\u6cb9\u7530\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e5f\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u77f3\u6cb9\u91c7\u6536\u7387\u7684\u6709\u5229\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002\u5728LSWF\u80cc\u540e\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u673a\u5236\u4e2d\uff0c\u6da6\u6e7f\u6027\u5411\u66f4\u6c34\u6e7f\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u662f\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002Dang\u7b49\u4eba\uff082013\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86LSWF\u7684\u673a\u5236\u6570\u503c\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u79bb\u5b50\u4ea4\u6362\u3001\u5730\u7403\u5316\u5b66\u548c\u5ca9\u5fc3\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u6da6\u6e7f\u6027\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u65b0\u7684LSWF\u6a21\u578b\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86CMG\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u65b9\u7a0b\u7ec4\u5206\u6a21\u62df\u5668GEM\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u672c\u6587\u4ee5Dang et al.\uff082016\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5730\u7403\u5316\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5bf9GEM\u4e2dLSWF\u7684\u73b0\u573a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5efa\u6a21\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u73b0\u573a\u89c4\u6a21\u6a21\u578b\u66f4\u52a0\u903c\u771f\uff0c\u5730\u8d28\u6a21\u578b\u57fa\u4e8eGullfaks K1\/K2\u6bb5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528DataImporter\u8f6f\u4ef6\u548c\u5927\u91cf\u624b\u52a8\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u5c06Gullfaks K1\/K2\u6bb5Eclipse\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u8d28\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aGEM\u3002\u539f\u6cb9\u6210\u5206\u662f\u6839\u636eGullfaks\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684Statfjord\u5730\u5c42\u5ca9\u5fc3\u4fe1\u606f\u751f\u6210\u5e76\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728WinProp\u4e2d\u7684\u3002\u7531\u4e8eGullfaks K1\/K2\u6bb5\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5730\u5c42\u6c34\u7684\u6c34\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f7f\u7528Fjelde\u7b49\u4eba\uff082012\uff09\u7684\u6c34\u5206\u6790\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u6da6\u6e7f\u6027\u6539\u53d8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5730\u7403\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u6da6\u6e7f\u6027\u53d8\u5316\u6765\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u3002\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e24\u7ec4\u76f8\u5bf9\u6e17\u900f\u7387\u66f2\u7ebf\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u9ad8\u76d0\u5ea6\u66f2\u7ebf\u548c\u4f4e\u76d0\u5ea6\u66f2\u7ebf\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u7c98\u571f\u8868\u9762Ca2+\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u4ea4\u6362\u5f53\u91cf\u5206\u6570\uff0c\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u6e17\u900f\u7387\u7ec4\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u63d2\u503c\u3002\u5728CMOST\u4e2d\u5bf9\u4e95\u63a7\u6761\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u9ad8\u77ff\u5316\u5ea6\u6c34\u9a71\uff08HSWF\uff09\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u57fa\u672c\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">LSWF\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u91c7\u6cb9\u7387\u9ad8\u4e8eHSWF\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u79bb\u5b50\u4ea4\u6362\u548c\u5438\u9644\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0eDang\u7b49\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\uff082016\uff09\u3002\u5bf9\u7f51\u683c\u7ec6\u5316\u7684\u654f\u611f\u6027\u5206\u6790\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u539f\u59cb\u7f51\u683c\u8db3\u591f\u7cbe\u7ec6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002\u6ce8\u5165\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u654f\u611f\u6027\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e09\u6b21\u6a21\u5f0f\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u4e8c\u6b21\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u7684LSWF\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u964d\u4f4eLSW\u77ff\u5316\u5ea6\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u6da6\u6e7f\u6027\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5bf9Kro\u4eceHS\u66f2\u7ebf\u5230LS\u66f2\u7ebf\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u6e17\u900f\u7387\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u654f\u611f\u6027\u5206\u6790\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u63d2\u5165\u5242\u503c\u548cSor\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u51b3\u5b9a\u539f\u6cb9\u91c7\u6536\u7387\u589e\u91cf\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u672c\u6587\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5728GEM\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6e\u77ff\u573a\u5c3a\u5ea6LSWF\u7684\u6da6\u6e7f\u6027\u53d8\u5316\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ntnuopen.ntnu.no\/ntnu-xmlui\/bitstream\/handle\/11250\/2781643\/no.ntnu:inspera:85047365:36217464.pdf?sequence=1\">Field-Scale Modeling of Low Salinity Water Flooding &#8211; Wettability Alteration<\/a><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">Low salinity water flooding (LSWF) is an EOR-method where the ion composition and salinity of the injected brine are modified. The technique has a low chemical cost and is considered environmentally friendly compared to other EOR-methods. Extensive laboratory studies and some pilot-field trials have also shown favorable increase in oil recovery. Among the proposed mechanisms behind LSWF, the wettability alteration towards a more water wet state is the widely agreed mechanism. Dang et al. (2013) proposed a mechanistic numerical model for LSWF that included ion exchange, geochemistry, and wettability alteration on core-scale. The new LSWF model used the equation-of-state (EOS) compositional simulator GEM by CMG.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">This thesis addresses field-scale modeling of LSWF in GEM by using the geochemical model presented by Dang et al. (2016) as a fundament. To make the field-scale model more realistic, the geological model is based on the Gullfaks K1\/K2 segment. The geological data from Gullfaks K1\/K2 segment\u2019s Eclipse file is converted to GEM by using the software DataImporter and considerable manual modifications. The crude oil composition is generated and lumped in WinProp based on information of a Statfjord formation core found in the Gullfaks-database. Since the Gullfaks K1\/K2 segment is lacking water analysis of the formation water, the water analysis from Fjelde et al. (2012) is used with some modifications. The wettability alteration process is modeled based on a shift in wettability due to geochemical reactions. Two sets of relative permeability curves are defined representing high salinity curves and low salinity curves. Interpolation occurs between the two relative permeability sets, based on the ion exchange equivalent fraction of Ca2+ on the clay surface. Optimization on well control was done in CMOST to establish an optimal base case for high salinity water flooding (HSWF).<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> The final oil recovery seen for LSWF was higher compared to HSWF. The results indicated that ion exchange and adsorption took place, which was in agreement with the hypotheses presented by Dang et al. (2016). A sensitivity analysis on grid refinement stated that the original grid was fine enough for further evaluation. Further sensitivity of timing of injection revealed that LSWF in secondary mode was more effective compared to tertiary mode. In addition, lowering the salinity of the LSW brine was found to be favorable for the wettability alteration process. A sensitivity analysis on two relative permeability models with varying change in <em>Kro <\/em>from HS curves to LS curves indicated that the corresponding interpolant values and <em>Sor <\/em>is what mainly determines the incremental oil recovery. This thesis provides an insight on how wettability alteration modeling of field-scale LSWF is configured in GEM.<\/span><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-60749\" src=\"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/unnamed-file-4.png\" alt=\"\u8868\u683c\n\u63cf\u8ff0\u5df2\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\" width=\"887\" height=\"423\" \/><br \/>\n<img class=\"wp-image-60745 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/unnamed-file.png\" alt=\"\u8868\u683c\n\u63cf\u8ff0\u5df2\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\" \/><br \/>\n<img class=\"wp-image-60746 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/unnamed-file-1.png\" alt=\"\u8868\u683c\n\u63cf\u8ff0\u5df2\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\" \/><br \/>\n<img class=\"wp-image-60747 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/unnamed-file-2.png\" alt=\"\u56fe\u8868, \u56fe\u793a, \u8868\u9762\u56fe\n\u63cf\u8ff0\u5df2\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\" \/><br \/>\n<img class=\"wp-image-60748 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/unnamed-file-3.png\" alt=\"\u8868\u683c\n\u63cf\u8ff0\u5df2\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\" \/><br \/>\n<img class=\"wp-image-60750 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/unnamed-file-5.png\" alt=\"\u56fe\u8868\n\u63cf\u8ff0\u5df2\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\" \/><br \/>\n<img class=\"wp-image-60751 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/unnamed-file-6.png\" alt=\"\u56fe\u8868, \u6298\u7ebf\u56fe\n\u63cf\u8ff0\u5df2\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4f4e\u77ff\u5316\u5ea6\u6c34\u9a71\uff08LSWF\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u53d8\u6ce8\u5165\u6c34\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u7ec4\u6210\u548c\u77ff\u5316\u5ea6\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u91c7\u6536\u7387\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8be5\u6280\u672f\u5316\u5b66\u6210\u672c\u4f4e\uff0c<span class=\"more-link\"><a href=\"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/?p=60744\">Continue Reading<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[159],"tags":[344,496],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60744"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=60744"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60744\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=60744"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=60744"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=60744"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}