{"id":59624,"date":"2023-03-15T06:00:18","date_gmt":"2023-03-14T22:00:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/?p=59624"},"modified":"2023-03-15T06:00:18","modified_gmt":"2023-03-14T22:00:18","slug":"244-smartwater%e5%b2%a9%e5%bf%83%e7%9a%84%e5%b1%82%e9%97%b4%e7%a6%bb%e5%ad%90%e6%95%88%e5%ba%94%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/?p=59624","title":{"rendered":"244. \u78b3\u9178\u76d0\u5ca9\u5ca9\u5fc3\u667a\u80fd\u6c34\u9a71\u79bb\u5b50\u6548\u5e94\u5206\u6790"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1073\/16\/1\/446\/pdf?version=1672399743\">Analyses of Interpolant Ion Effects on SmartWater Core\u00a0<\/a><\/strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1073\/16\/1\/446\/pdf?version=1672399743\">Flooding in Carbonate<\/a><\/strong><\/h2>\n<h2>Abstract<\/h2>\n<p>Smart water flooding (SWF) is a promising enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technique due to its economic advantages. For this process, wettability alteration is the most accepted controlling effect that leads to increased recovery factors (RFs). The main objective of this work is to investigate how the relative permeability curves\u2019 interpolant affects the SWF mechanisms\u2019 assessment. Wettability alteration is described by shifting these curves in simulations. Numerical simulations of core flooding tests are applied to carbonate at 114.4 \u00b0C. A comparison of oil recovery factor (RF), pH and effluent composition is performed for different injection approaches. Mg<sup>2+<\/sup>\u00a0and SO<sub>4<\/sub><sup>2\u2212<\/sup>\u00a0are the interpolant ions and the salinity levels range from 30 to 1 kppm. A simulation of 24 scenarios, 12 for each type of interpolant, is presented. Results show that RF changes significantly, due to salinity and composition, for each interpolant. This has a relevant influence on the interpolant. The greater the dilution, the smaller the effect of the interpolant and brine composition on the recovery estimates. When considering SO<sub>4<\/sub><sup>2\u2212<\/sup>\u00a0as an interpolant, the trend is that divalent rich brine (DV) has a higher recovery factor. In contrast, when Mg<sup>2+<\/sup>\u00a0is the interpolant, DV tends to have a lower recovery. The analysis of ionic exchange and pH variation corroborate the wettability alteration behavior. A pH increase was observed in all scenarios, regardless of the salinity, ion composition or interpolant variation. Also, monitoring the CH<sub>3<\/sub>COO-X reduction and SO<sub>4<\/sub>-X<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0increase equivalent fractions indicated the ion exchange mechanism as being well represented in all simulations. In addition, the results emphasize that even at very low concentrations, SO<sub>4<\/sub><sup>2\u2212<\/sup>\u00a0plays a fundamental role in initiating the ion exchange process that culminates in the wettability alteration as a consequence of smart water injection.<br \/>\n<strong>Keywords:\u00a0<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>smart water flooding<\/strong>;\u00a0<strong>interpolants<\/strong>;\u00a0<strong>carbonate<\/strong>;\u00a0<strong>simulation<\/strong><br \/>\n<img class=\"wp-image-59625\" src=\"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/unnamed-file-26.png\" alt=\"\u6587\u672c\n\u4e2d\u5ea6\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u63cf\u8ff0\u5df2\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\" \/><br \/>\n<img class=\"wp-image-59626\" src=\"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/unnamed-file-27.png\" alt=\"\u56fe\u5f62\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762, \u6587\u672c, \u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\n\u63cf\u8ff0\u5df2\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\" \/><br \/>\n<img class=\"wp-image-59627\" src=\"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/unnamed-file-28.png\" alt=\"\u8868\u683c\n\u63cf\u8ff0\u5df2\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\" \/><br \/>\n<img class=\"wp-image-59628\" src=\"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/unnamed-file-29.png\" alt=\"\u56fe\u5f62\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762\n\u63cf\u8ff0\u5df2\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\" \/><br \/>\n<img class=\"wp-image-59629\" src=\"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/unnamed-file-30.png\" alt=\"\u56fe\u5f62\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762, \u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\n\u63cf\u8ff0\u5df2\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\" \/><br \/>\n<img class=\"wp-image-59630\" src=\"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/unnamed-file-31.png\" alt=\"\u56fe\u8868\n\u63cf\u8ff0\u5df2\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Analyses of Interpolant Ion Effects on SmartWater <span class=\"more-link\"><a href=\"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/?p=59624\">Continue Reading<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1,159],"tags":[538,541],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59624"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=59624"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59624\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=59624"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=59624"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=59624"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}