{"id":56104,"date":"2022-10-12T06:00:15","date_gmt":"2022-10-11T22:00:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/?p=56104"},"modified":"2022-10-12T06:00:15","modified_gmt":"2022-10-11T22:00:15","slug":"176%ef%bc%9a%e5%92%b8%e6%b0%b4%e5%b1%82%e7%a2%b3%e5%b0%81%e5%ad%98%e4%bd%9c%e4%b8%9a%e6%9c%9f%e9%97%b4%e5%92%8c%e4%b9%8b%e5%90%8e%e6%b7%b7%e5%90%88%e6%b0%94%e6%b5%81%e4%bd%93%e5%af%b9co2%e7%be%bd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/?p=56104","title":{"rendered":"176. \u54b8\u6c34\u5c42\u78b3\u5c01\u5b58\u671f\u95f4\u548c\u4e4b\u540e\u6df7\u5408\u6c14\u6d41\u4f53\u5bf9CO2\u7fbd\u6d41\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u5f71\u54cd"},"content":{"rendered":"

Impact of Mixed Gas Stream on CO2 Plume Characteristics during and after Carbon Storage Operations in Saline Aquifers<\/strong><\/a><\/h3>\n

<\/h4>\n

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\n\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u4ec5\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u6355\u96c6\u673a\u7406\uff08\u675f\u7f1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u6355\u96c6\u548c\u76d0\u6c34\u6eb6\u89e3\u6355\u96c6\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d7\u6ce8\u5165\u6d41\u4f53\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u7fbd\u6d41\u6269\u6563\uff0c\u6216\u6700\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u4e0e\u7ec4\u6210\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6700\u5927\u7fbd\u6d41\u8303\u56f4\u4eceCO2BC\u768410350 ft\u5230CH4BC\uff0822250 ft\uff09\u548cN2 BC\uff0824250 ft\uff09\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u4e24\u500d\u591a\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u503c\u5927\u81f4\u5448\u7ebf\u6027\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u7fbd\u6d41\u5230\u8fbe\u5730\u5c42\u9876\u90e8\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4ece14\u5e74\uff08N2BC\uff09\u523018\u5e74\uff08CH4BC\uff09\u523060\u5e74\uff08CO2BC\uff09\u4e0d\u7b49\u3002\u6c14\u4f53\u7ec4\u5206\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5dee\u5f02\u5728\u4e8e\uff0cCO2\u5728\u76d0\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u5927\u7ea6\u662fCH4\u548cN2\u768410\u500d\uff08\u4ee5\u6469\u5c14\u8ba1\uff09\u3002\u5728CH4BC\u548cN2BC\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6d6e\u529b\u9a71\u52a8\u529b\uff08\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u6c14\u4f53\u76d0\u6c34\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5dee\u4e0e\u6c14\u4f53\u7c98\u5ea6\u7684\u6bd4\u503c\uff09\u4e5f\u5927\u7ea6\u9ad8\u51fa\u56db\u500d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7531\u4e8eCH4\u548cN2\u7684\u5206\u6570\u968f\u7740CO2\u6eb6\u89e3\u800c\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8be5\u6bd4\u503c\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u589e\u52a0\u3002
\n\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bcc\u542bCH4-\u548c\/\u6216N2\u7684\u7fbd\u6d41\u5c06\u6bd4\u5355\u7ec4\u5206CO2\u7fbd\u6d41\u4f20\u64ad\u5f97\u66f4\u8fdc\u3001\u66f4\u5feb\u3002\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u6ce8\u51651000\u5e74\u540e\uff0cCH4BC\u548cN2BC\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6c14\u4f53\u90fd\u5df2\u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1CO2BC\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\u53ea\u670985%\u3002\u5371\u9669\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u679c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6ce8\u5165\u4e2d\u7684\u6742\u8d28\u5c06\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u66f4\u5feb\u5730\u56fa\u5b9a\u7fbd\u6d41\uff0c\u4f46\u7fbd\u6d41\u5c06\u4f20\u64ad\u66f4\u8fdc\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8\u5bb9\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u8fd8\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u542b\u6709CH4\/N2\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6355\u96c6CO2\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u66f4\u5feb\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u6ce8\u5165\u7684\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4ecd\u4f1a\u622a\u7559\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u3002\u4ec5\u5728\u6ce8\u5165\u5f00\u59cb\u540e100\u81f3200\u5e74\u5185\uff0c\u7eafCO2\u7cfb\u7edf\u624d\u80fd\u5728\u6ce8\u5165\u4e95\u7ed9\u5b9a\u8ddd\u79bb\u5185\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u975e\u6d41\u52a8CO2\u3002\u5728\u6052\u538b\u4e0b\uff0c75%CO2\u548c25%CH4\u6216N2\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u7684\u6ce8\u5165\u603b\u91cf\u7ea6\u4e3a100%CO2\u6c14\u6d41\u768480%\u3002\u5bf9\u6e17\u900f\u7387\u3001\u5b54\u9699\u5ea6\u3001\u503e\u89d2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u654f\u611f\u6027\u5206\u6790\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6ce8\u5165\u6d41\u4f53\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u6e7e\u6d77\u5cb8\u5b9e\u9645\u73b0\u573a\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5176\u6a21\u62df\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u901a\u7528\u6a21\u578b\u6210\u529f\u6a21\u62df\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/p>\n

Summary<\/strong><\/h4>\n

The goal of this short study was to explain the effects of CO2 stream impurities (CH4 and N2) on (1) plume spread, (2) rate and extent of major trapping mechanisms, (3) CO2 storage capacity, and (4) well injectivity. The injection-stream base case consists of a 95% CO2 stream with 2.5% CH4 and N2. We varied the CO2 fraction from 75% to 100% (on a mole basis), defining three bounding cases: CO2BC, CH4BC, and N2BC containing 100% CO2, 75% CO2 and 25% CH4, and 75% CO2 and 25% N2, respectively. In a parametric study of the stream composition, we defined a simple generic reservoir with a uniform permeability of 300 md, a dip of 2\u00b0, and porosity of 25%. The model contains 120 300-ft-long cells in the dip direction and also includes four baffles with no permeability parallel to its top and bottom. The gas was injected for 30 years at a depth of about 6,000 ft and at a rate of 26 MMSCFD (equivalent to 0.5 Mt\/yr of pure CO2) in a single well located in the downdip section of the model and perforated in the lower third of the 1,000-ft thickness of the injection formation. Temperature is constant at 135\u00b0F. Results are numerically monitored for 1,000 yr after start of injection. The modeling was done using CMG-GEM software, and we used a user-defined set of PVT properties. A sensitivity analysis on important model parameters was also done to assess their importance relative to the parametric-study results.
\nThe study considers only the two trapping mechanisms (residual saturation and brine dissolution) largely impacted by injection-stream composition. Plume spread, or maximum extent, is a strong function of composition. The maximum extent ranges from 10,350 ft for CO2BC to more than twice the distance for CH4BC (22,250 ft) and N2BC (24,250 ft) and varies approximately linearly for intermediate values. Similarly, time for the plume to reach the top of the formation varies from 14 yr (N2BC) to 18 yr (CH4BC) to 60 yr (CO2BC). The main difference between gas components is solubility in brine\u2014CO2 is approximately 10 times more soluble than CH4 and N2 on a mole basis. The buoyant driving force, expressed as the ratio of gas-brine density difference to gas viscosity, is also approximately four times higher in the CH4BC and N2BC cases, and the ratio keeps increasing because the fraction of CH4 and N2 increases as CO2 dissolves.
\nIt follows that the CH4- and\/or N2-rich plume will travel farther and faster than the single component CO2 plume. At 1,000 yr after start of injection, all gas in the CH4BC and N2BC cases has been immobilized, although only 85% in the CO2BC case. Riskwise, these results imply that impurities in the injection will help immobilize the plume faster, but the plume will travel farther. In addition, storage capacity analysis also suggests that CH4\/N2-containing systems trap CO2 faster. More CO2 is trapped in these systems even if less of it is injected. It is only between 100 and 200 yr after start of injection that the pure CO2 system can secure a larger amount of nonmobile CO2 within a given distance from the injection well. At constant pressure, the total amount injected for a mixture of 75% CO2 and 25% of either CH4 or N2 is approximately 80% of the 100%-CO2 gas stream. Sensitivity analysis on permeability, porosity, dip, and other parameters suggests that injection-stream composition dominates system behavior. We also used data from an actual field, typical of the Gulf Coast, whose simulation results are similar to those of the generic case, confirming that general behavior of the system is captured by the generic model.
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Impact of Mixed Gas Stream on CO2 Plume CharacteriContinue Reading<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[159],"tags":[251,387,458],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56104"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=56104"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56104\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=56104"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=56104"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/learncmg.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=56104"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}